Tooth Structure - Root Canals And Pulp Tissue

The structure of the human tooth has many different features. The part of the tooth found above the surface of the gum is commonly referred to by dentists as the crown, while the rest of the tooth, found below the gum-line and in the jawbone, is called the root of the tooth.

The tooth can be divided into three main layers for the purposes of this discussion. The top, or outer layer, is a hard, calcified surface called the enamel. Directly beneath this layer, extending down into the gums and jawbone, is the dentin (sometimes called dentine).

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The innermost layer is the pulp tissue. It is found most heavily concentrated in the crown of the tooth. At the center of the tooth, there is a cavity which houses this soft tissue, in an area sometimes referred to as the �pulp chamber'.

Root canals are long passages full of the same soft pulp tissue, which are also found deep within the dentin of a tooth, and run from the pulp chamber through the roots of the tooth. These root canals extend deep into the gum and jawbone, connecting the pulp chamber to the nerves and tissue found in the jawbone.

Human teeth typically have between one and four root canals, with the greatest numbers found toward the back of the mouth. The tooth receives nutrition and sensory functions through the blood vessels and nerve tissue found running through these canals.

The tooth's nerve and pulp tissue is vital in the growth and development of the tooth. However, after the tooth has fully matured and ceases to grow, the nerves, blood vessels, and pulp tissue only provide sensory functions to the tooth.

If a cavity develops on the outer surface of the tooth, or if the tooth has undergone trauma from an accident, it may cause the soft tissue of the pulp chamber and root canals to become irritated, inflamed, or infected. If left untreated, the condition very well could develop into a serious, quite painful infection of the jaw and jawbone.

If a tooth appears likely to develop an infection such as this, a dentist may advise a pulpectomy, more commonly referred to as a root canal, or root canal treatment.

In a root canal treatment, or pulpectomy, the dentist will attempt to scrape out the pulp tissue from both the pulp chamber and the root canals themselves. The dentist will then fill the tooth and seal it, protecting it from any potential recurrence. While root canal procedures are commonly thought of as painful experiences, modern pulpectomies usually include the use of a local anesthetic to alleviate any pain that might be felt.

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Tips Regarding Trade Show Exibition

Here are a few suggestions that might be helpful in planning your event:

1. Make your display larger than life! Big screen monitors, large pictures, etc. The small items to display get lost in a big room with many exhibitors.

2. Create a LEAD SHEET for everyone you talk to and take notes. I like the SWOT questions. Ask them when they had their last dental visit. If they have a dentist, ask them if they are happy there.

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3. If you have a table at your booth, put it at the back against the wall, not in front of the aisle. That creates a barrier. You want to welcome people into the booth instead of you standing behind a table.

4. Get out in the aisles and work the crowd. You can't expect them all to come to you.

5. Get to know all the other exhibitors. Be interested in them, first, and they will be interested in you. They are there all day and usually bored.

6. Don't sit down at your booth. Stay standing and work in shifts so you don't get too tired. Take the chairs out of the booth so you are not tempted to sit.
I have actually seen people sitting BEHIND their display so they don't have to talk to anyone!!!

7. Have a cute giveaway and/or drawing. Candy is good. Sometimes you can find red foil chocolate lips. Smile stickers that you can place on people's collars. We had some lipstick smile stickers that look like someone has blotted their lipstick and we would go around asking people if they had had a kiss today. That was fun. Everyone was coming to our booth wanting those stickers.

8. Follow up with the lead sheets. Ask permission to contact people.

9. Collect E-mail addresses. Most people have them on their business cards now.

10. Have fun! Remember your non-verbal is 93%. Get the I personalities in your office out there and PARTY!

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Aesthetic Laser Dentistry - Smile Enhancement With Laser Technology

With the aesthetic zone being absolutely critical to a patient's external appearance and inner emotions, orchestrating a bioesthetic result is mandatory. Too often, this is complicated when aesthetic desires infringe on the health of the periodontal complex. This is often true when biologic width violations have occurred iatrogenically.

Many factors may contribute to these failures, the two main culprits being intracrevicular margin location and over contoured restorations. Not only is plaque accumulation problematic, but the supracrestal fibers also become interrupted, causing the tissues to become further inflamed and aesthetically unmanageable. Kois' landmark study defined the total dentogingival complex (DGC) as clinically predictable at 3.0 mm on the direct facial aspect, and at 3.0-5.0 mm interproximally when measured from the free gingival margin to the osseous crest. It is critical anteriorally that the gingival margin mimics the osseous scallop while maintaining the DGC.1 Further complicating these complex situations is the degree of inflammation in the soft tissue, affecting the clinical development of health and aesthetic symmetry.

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Dental lasers have evolved considerably as an adjunctive and alternative treatment to safely, conservatively, and reliably decrease bacterial levels and improve the hard and soft tissue contours.

Often the patient is frustrated with his or her previous poor cosmetic results, but to improve the periodontal framework in order to create an ideal result, they must be referred to yet another doctor. Even more challenging is the extended healing time created by reflective mucoperiosteal surgery. This not only affects the chronology of final restorative care, but also delays the patient's ultimate satisfaction and happiness for a minimum of two to three months. Fortunately, dental lasers have evolved considerably as an adjunctive and alternative treatment to safely, conservatively, and reliably decrease bacterial levels and improve the hard and soft tissue contours.

Studies of Er: YSGG lasers by Rizoiu and others have shown that thermal coagulative results, as well as bony ablation characteristics are similar to a dental bur. From a patient-friendly standpoint, less need for suturing and shorter healing times improves case acceptance for doing ideal dentistry. In selected cases, such as the one presented in this article, minimally invasive laser procedures, with precise restorative planning and technique, can satisfy aesthetic and functional parameters. Furthermore, patients can enjoy optimal results more comfortably and efficiently.

A conservative strategy was devised that would allow us to correct the problems and causes in a �multitasking� manner.

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How To Great Quality Cheap Dentures

Are you in need of cheap dentures, but don't want to sacrifice quality? Are you having trouble finding dentures that are affordable? There may be an option that could save you as much as 50%-60% on your next set of dentures. Would that interest you at all? Read on...

The best way that I know of to get cheap dentures is by getting yourself a dental discount plan. Discount plans are not insurance policies, they simply provide big discounts on everyday dental care and offer huge discounts on most major dental procedures, such as dentures, bridge work, root canals and more. There are certain discount plans that even offer sizable discounts on things like Orthodontics and Cosmetic Dentistry.

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This is what you'll need to do. Locate a participating dentist in your area and then join a discount dental plan. The membership fees for joining are extremely low. Cost for individuals is usually less than $100 per year and under $200 for families. The savings far outweighs the cost of the dental plan.

You'll receive confirmation within a couple days and you can then start seeing your new dentist and take advantage of all of the savings offered. The only thing that you must be prepared to do is pay for your visit in full at the time of your appointment. Since there is no insurance involved and the dentist is giving you these big discounts, understandably, they're asking to be paid in full for the care they provide at the time of the appointment.

I guarantee you that if you had a pre-existing condition and bought dental insurance to take care of it, that you'd be paying for 100% of the costs. That's because dental insurance does not cover pre-existing conditions without a waiting period of several months. Take a good look at the dental discount plans if you're looking for cheap dentures. You may be pleasantly surprised.

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Drink Water For A Dazzling Smile!

Most people assume that simply by brushing their teeth every day and avoiding too many sugary sweets, they are protecting their bright smiles. However, many people are unaware that they also need to watch what they drink in order to minimize the impact on their teeth.

Even with daily brushing and flossing, tooth decay can set in when teeth are exposed to too much sugar. Sugar can be found in damaging quantities in soft drinks which can be especially harmful to teeth, particularly in children and young adults who often consume this type of drink.

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The reason soft drinks are so harmful is that the bacteria which can be found on our gums and teeth thrive on sugar. These bacteria can metabolize sugar very quickly, usually within 20 minutes, producing an acid in the process. This acid sticks to the teeth and is more commonly known as plaque, which must be brushed away. As the amount of sugar consumed at any one time increases, the acid also becomes stronger. Over time, Exposing teeth to this acid results in a weakening of the tooth enamel, which leads to tooth decay and cavities.

A worrying rise in tooth decay rates has been observed in America where the number of cans of soft drink consumed annually per person has risen six hundred percent since the end of the second world war to nearly 600 cans per person per year. This trend is also being followed in the UK where sugary drinks consumption is rising.

For those who are trying to cut down on their sugar intake, the number of names given to sugar in soft drinks can be confusing, making it harder to avoid. Usually though, sugar can appear on the ingredients list as sucrose, glucose, fructose, dextrose or corn syrup.

Fructose is the type of sugar which is contained in fruit. It is less damaging than refined sugar, however whilst preferring fruit smoothies over fizzy drinks will be kinder to your waistline, they will not necessarily be kinder to your teeth.

Office workers are particularly vulnerable to developing oral and other health problems. A sedentary working pattern, coupled with the availability of sweets, fizzy drinks and vending machines in many workplaces can cause tooth decay in people who may consider that they have adequate oral hygiene. Couple this with the large amounts of coffee consumed by office workers and the occasional glass of red wine at �business lunches' and stubborn tooth stains can be added to the list of complaints caused by other damaging beverages.

Sitting at work with a sugary drink on your desk can also be particularly harmful, as this way people will tend to sip the sugary drink slowly. Slow sipping gives the bacteria in your mouth a sugar boost every so often, worsening the effects of the acid they produce on your teeth.

One way to combat this at work is to switch making trips to the vending machine for the water cooler instead. Drinking more water during the day reduces staining and also reduces the impact of the occasional sweet drink on our gums and teeth. There are also plenty of sugar free squashes which can be added to the water to vary the flavour without damaging your teeth.

A water cooler is a valuable addition to any office environment as it will not only cut down on the number of days staff spend at the dentist, but staying hydrated also brings a raft of other benefits including improved concentration and fewer headaches.

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Understanding Dental Implant Bone Grafting

You may have decided that you'd like to replace your missing teeth with dental implants instead of dentures, but aren't sure what is involved. The short answer to that is that it will depend on the current health of the bone into which the implants will be inserted.

Unless your jawbone is healthy, and has not suffered erosion from infection, gum disease, or previous tooth extraction, you will need to have it built up so that it can hold your implants securely. Dental implant bone grafting is a lengthy process, but can usually be done in your dentist's office.

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Your dentist will use either �autogenous� bone, taken from your own body, or a synthetic or artificial bone substitute. Cow bone is also used frequently for dental implant bone grafting. The addition of this bone will stimulate your body to build new bone around it, but with some synthetic materials the body does not respond by producing new bone, and the synthetic material does the job of securing the dental implant.

Methods Of Dental Implant Bone Grafting

There are several methods of dental implant bone grafting; block bone grafting entails removing bone from another part of the patient's body. Autogenous bone for a dental implant bone grafting procedure is usually harvested from a patient's hip or chin, implanted in t he area where the tooth is being replaced, and allowed to heal and grow new bone for at least three, and as long as six months. Any bone taken from areas outside the patient's mouth will have to be removed in a hospital by an orthopedic surgeon, and transferred to the dentist.

Allograft bone used in dental implant bone grafting is taken from cadavers and under the very close supervision of bone banks. This type of bone harvesting has been going on for years and has supplied bone for thousands of medical and dental procedures with no instances of transmitted disease.

Animal bone used in dental implant bone grafting is known as xenograft, which is the term used for any trans-species transplanting. Both allograft and xenograft dental implant bone are foreign substances to a patient's body and, very infrequently will trigger a rejection.

Regardless of the source of the , the object is to stimulate the body's bone production in the implant area. One way of making sure the bone growth occurs as quickly as possible for the dentist to insert a �barrier membrane� around the newly grafted dental implant bone. This will keep the body's more rapidly growing tissues which surround the graft from filling in the areas in which new bone is meant to grow.

Performing a dental implant bone graft with bone expansion requires the dentist to use bone expansion tools to separate sections of the jaw bone and insert the bone implant between them; if the bone is already strong enough to secure it, the dentist may place the implant in the opening instead.

When Bone Grafting Is Not Appropriate

If dental implant bone grafts, bone growth, or bone expansion will not provide sufficient support for a dental implant, the patient may have to have a mold taken of his ore her jawbone and a plate inserted to hole the implants.

If you have plenty of bone tissue and the gums and teeth surrounding the area where you want a dental implant are healthy, then you may not have to concern yourself with dental implant bone grafts. But be prepared for an extended period of procedures and healing, and accept that having dental implants is the most expensive way you will find of replacing your teeth.

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Dental Bonding - One of Many Cosmetic Dentistry Options

Dental bonding just may be the perfect cosmetic dentistry solution for those of you who have a gap in between your two front teeth but you don't want braces or for those of you that have a minor chip that is too small a problem for veneers.

Whether your teeth have been cracked, chipped or stained, dental bonding can help; in fact, dental bonding procedures are also used to repair hereditary flaws and some structural damage that has been caused by tooth decay.

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Dental bonding involves the use of composite resin that is specially designed so it can be color-matched to each patient's teeth to provide a completely natural-looking result. Like any other cosmetic dentistry procedure, the more teeth the patients need to have fixed, the longer the procedure will take. Minor dental bonding, however, can usually be completed in under an hour.

The Procedure

The dentist first applies an etching solution to the patient's damaged teeth. When decay is involved, the damaged area will need to be drilled out first. The etching solution creates grooves that allow for proper adhesion of the composite resin-bonding agent. The resin in then applied to the teeth in layers. A specially designed light then hardens the layers, and once the appropriate number of resin layers have been applied, the hardened tooth can be sculpted and polished until a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing result is achieved.

The Result

The result of dental bonding looks and feels very natural. Prior to composite resin being used, when a tooth was damaged or decayed, it was commonly repaired with a silver amalgam filling. These fillings were not attractive-looking and required much of the tooth's natural structure to be drilled away that they could be inserted. Resin bonding keeps as much of the natural tooth intact as possible.

Advantages/Disadvantages

Advantages: Bonding is among the easiest and least expensive of cosmetic dental procedures. Unlike veneers and crowns, which are customized tooth coverings that must be manufactured in a laboratory, bonding usually can be done in one office visit unless several teeth are involved. Another advantage, compared with veneers and crowns, is that the least amount of tooth enamel is removed. Also, unless dental bonding is being performed to fill a cavity, anesthesia is usually not required.

Disadvantages: Although the material used in dental bonding is somewhat stain resistant, it does not resist stains as well as crowns. Another disadvantage is that the bonding materials do not last as long nor are as strong as other restorative procedures, such as crowns, veneers, or fillings. Additionally, bonding materials can chip and break off the tooth.

Because of some of the limitations of bonding, some dentists view bonding as best suited for small cosmetic changes, for temporary correction of cosmetic defects, and for correction of teeth in areas of very low bite pressure (for example, front teeth).

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How To Select A Cosmetic Dentist

Choosing the right cosmetic dentist, one with extensive training, substantial experience and a gentle approach that understands clients' needs, is the key to achieving a successful outcome-a gorgeous new smile! Below are some guidelines compiled from patients for successfully choosing a cosmetic dentist.

Does the Dentist Have Real Credentials In Cosmetic Dentistry?

It seems as though many dentists say they perform some of cosmetic dentistry as part of their services. In dentistry, as in medicine, specialties exist that are indications of a high level of education and training. Presently, however, no specialty in cosmetic dentistry recognized by the American Dental Association exists. In 1984, however, the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD) was formed and has the filled the need for credentialing in the area of cosmetic dentistry. The organization currently has 7,000 members in the U.S. and in 40 countries around the world. It is the largest international dental organization dedicated specifically to the art and science of cosmetic dentistry, and it administers the leading accreditation program for cosmetic dentists. This accreditation process is a rigorous one, which requires dentists to attend many continuing education courses in cosmetic dentistry, to be tested and to submit a number of cosmetic cases to be judged by a panel of cosmetic dentistry experts.

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Does the Dentist Have Extensive Post Graduate Training In Cosmetic Dentistry?

To perform cosmetic dental procedures at the highest level, technical skill and a rigorous program of post-graduate training in cosmetic dentistry, is needed. It may surprise you that the majority of dental schools do not offer training in cosmetic dentistry. It is extremely important that the cosmetic dentist whom you select continually completes courses in cosmetic dentistry. In-depth training is necessary to learn the most advanced techniques and to be aware of the most advanced materials and technology in order to get optimal results.

Does the Dentist Have Extensive Smile Design Experience?

Great cosmetic dentistry is an art. Dentists who are generalists usually have not performed cosmetic smile designs enough, or with a regularity that leads to mastery of this art. If you are considering veneers, for example, you should ask how many veneers the dentist has placed. Look for cosmetic dentists that have placed not just hundreds, but thousands of veneers. This experience allows the dentist to see a wide variety of smiles and to bring this experience and expertise to your smile.

Does the Dentist Have A Caring Approach and Great Communication Skills?

Cosmetic dentistry is a process; it is not a single procedure or operation. So you must find a dentist with whom you can talk easily. It is important that the dentist understands what you desire, and that you understand the process that the dentist is describing. To accomplish this, the dentist should listen and make certain that he or she understands all of your concerns, needs and desires as they relate to your dental health and the appearance of your smile. Only then should he or she spend time diagnosing and consulting on a recommended treatment plan, which should be individualized for each patient.

Does the Dentist Have An Artistic Eye?

It is important to find a dentist who is accurate in his or her evaluation of your needs, precise in the execution of the treatment plan and meticulous in craftsmanship. Make certain that the dentist addresses not only your teeth, but also your gums, lips, facial structure-and your specific requests. Excellent cosmetic dentistry demands a highly sophisticated artistic sense. To achieve optimal aesthetic results, a dentist must have a clear vision of what is artistically possible and appropriate.

Make Certain That You Review Before and After Photos of Work Performed by the Cosmetic Dentist:

You will want to look at before and after photos of cosmetic dentistry that has actually been performed by the dentist you are considering. Be aware that commercially produced photos and albums to show the possibilities of cosmetic dentistry exist. You will want to confirm that you are seeing the actual work of the dentist you are considering and that the before photos are cases similar to yours.

Be Careful Of Going With The Cheapest Price: Many times, you do indeed "get what you paid for." If a dentist is cheaper than others, perhaps that should be a red flag to you.

Other Things to Consider:

You may also want to consider references from other cosmetic dentistry patients, taking a tour of the office, including sterilization areas, and asking about the office's technology and materials. You may also want to check with the state licensing board to verify that the dentist does not have a history of complaints or adverse state Dental Board action.

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Tips For Finding Affordable Missouri Dental Plans

Have you been looking for an affordable dental plan in Missouri, but haven't been having any luck? Missouri Dental Plans are just like anywhere else in the USA, but you have to shop around to find the best one. However, there is one particular type of plan that stands out more than any other out there. This is called a Dental Discount Plan.

Dental Discount Plans aren't insurance in any way, shape or form. They simply offer consumers substantial discounts on routine dental care, some of which is not covered immediately by purchasing dental insurance. For example, pre-existing conditions are not covered by dental insurance until you've gone through a "waiting period" of twelve months or more. They cover most things like cleanings, flouride treatments, ect., but even then you'll still have to pay your high premiums and deductible costs.

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Dental discount plans cost one low annual fee. In Missouri that fee can be as low as $80.00 per year for membership, after which, you simply pay the dentist the cost of the procedures at the time of your visit. Here's another example. Let's say that you were visiting the dentist for the first time in quite awhile. This is typical because most people can't afford it so don't worry about it. We'll base this example on the St.Louis area. Let's say you needed an

In Depth Check-Up - Usual cost $67.00 - Discount cost $26.00 - Savings $41.00

Full Mouth X-Rays - Usual cost $104.00 - Discount cost $51.00 - Savings $53.00

Adult Teeth Cleaning - Usual cost $75.00 - Discount cost $37.00 - Savings $38.00

Protective Sealant / Tooth - Usual Cost $43.00 - Discount cost $20.00 - Savings $23.00

Root Canal Treatment - Molar - Usual cost $829.00 - Discount cost - $400.00 - Savings $429.00

This is just for one plan that is available in the Saint Louis, Missouri area. You'll notice that the savings add up quickly. I put a few different things on here in this example because this is very realistic if you haven't visited the dentist in quite awhile. The usual cost for these procedures would be $1118.00. The cost with the discount plan is only $534.00. That's a savings of $584.00.

You may be thinking "what if I don't need the Root Canal?". Alright, let's do the math without it. Your total cost without the plan would now be $289.00. Your cost with the plan would still only be $134.00, a savings of $155.00. Even if your individual dental plan costed $100.00, you'd still be ahead $55.00. Also, multiply those savings by the number of people in your family and figure in at least one Root Canal, Extraction, Bridge work, Dentures, Braces or some other major dental care. Also figure that you'll still be able to use the plan for the entire year.

If you live in Missouri and have been considering getting a dental plan, I recommend you take a good look at these inexpensive dental plans first. They may be just what you were in need of.

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How To Find An Affordable Discounted Dental Plan

Are you in need of dental care, but you hate the thought of paying full price or, worse yet, you simply can't afford to go to the dentist at those prices? Finding a discounted dental plan is not impossible to do. Actually it's very easy to do, with a little guidance of course.

There are discounted dental plans available in practically every state, especially in larger cities and towns. You'll normally find even lower cost dental plans in larger metropolitan areas because of the amount of competition there.

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Most discounted dental plans are not insurance coverage, they are simply a discounted fee for service plan that saves you a LOT of money on your dental care. This is how discount dental plans work. You check your zip code to make certain there is a participating dentist available in the area in which you live. You then pay a low cost annual membership fee. This fee is as low as $80 for an individual or $150 for a family. After doing this you can see your dentist within one to three days. Your dental care costs will be discounted anywhere from 10% to 60%, depending on what your needs are.

A discounted dental plan offers huge savings of up to 60% on major dental, such as dentures, bridge work, root canals and more. They also offer substantial savings on preventive care, such as cleanings, fillings and more.

If you are in need of a discounted dental plan and need dental work performed in the near future, I highly recommend that you take a good look at dental discount plans before you end up paying too much.

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